The Death Of Terminally Ill Patients - 1823 Words

Mortality requires all of us to eventually face death, although when or in what way we do not know. Let’s say you are given two choices: to choose to die earlier but in a peaceful way, or to prolong your life for an unknown amount of time but endure a painful and slow death. For terminally ill patients, this unfortunately is not a hypothetical situation, but a reality of their life, except the majority of them are denied the first option. Some terminal diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ASL, or more popularly known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease), brain cancers, or other neural or muscular degenerative diseases often lead their victims down a unimaginable, unrelenting, brutal, road to death. Is it morally right to deny the victims of these diseases the option of an early, but peaceful death upon their request? Should we force a death filled with suffering upon a terminal patient, or allow them the option of how the last days of their life should play out? Euthana sia, or the killing of a sick person out of mercy, is a largely debated topic in present day, but this has not always been so. It gives these sick patients the option of death to avoid imminent suffering in their later death. Throughout history, the taboo of assisted suicide has changed in different eras, largely due to the authority of religion in history, and later from religion to morals. The issue at present is still an issue of morality, but also about rights; not only a right to live, but also aShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Terminally Ill Patients985 Words   |  4 Pagesconstant reminder of their loss of control and impending death. There are several activities that terminally ill patients are unable to do to care for themselves. While caring for patients, the expense can grow astronomically. Man’s abilities to sustain life does not dictate God’s will to end life. Terminally ill patients should have the right to decide when it is time for their life to end. Deterioration of the quality of life for terminally ill patients is a heartbreaking burden suffered by the familyRead MoreThe Death Of Terminally Ill Patients1230 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many causes of death, and some of the individuals who lay on their deathbed suffering will often wish to hasten their passing. To be exact, it is about the terminally ill patients and the agony they are facing. Terminally ill patients go through massive amounts of medication, all sorts of therapy, and unimaginable pain. Because of this, the patient will often ask their physician to help them commit suicide. In 2014, Brittany Maynard, 29, was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and is aRead MoreThe Death Of A Terminally Ill Patient992 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases has not been able to develop. Those patients in this condition has no other option than to wait for their death. Many patients in this condition seek self-suicide to stop the pain. It’s a delicate process not every state in the united State allow this procedure to happen. California is one of the state that support this initiative called â€Å"Assisted suicide†. It allows Physician to end the life of a terminally ill patient only if it’s requested by the patient. The rules for the consent of the aid-dyingRead MoreMoral Question of Hastening the Death of a Terminally Ill Patient1220 Words   |  5 PagesControversial views have always been made against those who suggest that terminally ill or incurably suffering people should be allowed to ask for and receive help to die if they so wish. The same set of arguments in opposition toward euthanasia is, that life is sacred and by legalizing physician assisted suicide would lead to abuses by the medical field. A fundamental question concerning hastening the death of a terminally ill patient are, evaluating if this act is a virtue of kindness prompted by a senseRead MoreThe Decision For Life Of Terminally Ill889 Words   |  4 PagesRecently, t here has been a tremendous increase in the number of terminally-ill patients suffering from the incurable diseases such as Cancer, AIDS and dreadful neurological disorders like MND, etc. Inventions in the medical and science field have found ways to prolong their death by medicines, sedatives and artificial respiration, etc. However, keeping them alive burdens economy, medical resources, finance and psychological state of the patient, his family and ultimately the society (Virik, Glare JonesRead MoreEssay On Physician Assisted Death1340 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently more than 1.3 million terminally ill patients in the United States waiting for the day that they will succumb to death.† Some are bed ridden, some are constantly consumed with systemic pain, some have no strength or desire to get out of bed and so they wait. They wait because they live in a state that says they do not have the right to die. Those who are healthy argue that it is immoral, ungodly and unethical fo r a medical doctor to practice physician assisted death. Government should not prohibitRead MoreAssisted Suicide : Rights And Responsibilities1570 Words   |  7 Pagesdose of drugs in March, 1998. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act passed a referendum in November, 1997, and it has been the United States only law legalizing assisted suicide since then. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, more than 4,000 doctors have approved of the assisted suicide law (cited in The Anguish of Doctors,† 1996). The law allows terminally ill patients who have been given six months or less to live and wish to hasten their deaths to obtain medication prescribed by twoRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe physical state of health of the patient, the patient’s personal life, and even the financial pressure of the patient are all factors to consider when contemplating whether or not to legalize this controversial cause of death. Physic ian-assisted suicide regarding medical ethics states that a physician cannot legally give any patient a lethal injection to end their life, but they can take the patient off of life support in order to increase the process of death. Physician-assisted suicide shouldRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1461 Words   |  6 Pageswide concerns to people in the United States. PAS is being deliberated on whether a physician should be legally allowed to prescribe a lethal drug to its patient. Many views conflict each other on this topic, whether it is because of religion, morals, or ethics. As PAS can be a difficult subject to others, PAS is usually decided by the patient itself. When religion gets involved with the subject of PAS, many religious groups claim that no one should be able to take away God’s creation. God shouldRead MoreThe Justification Of Euthanasia Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagestoo much power. In the unfortunate event that one is terminally ill and clinging to life in unbearable pain, should people have the rights to be euthanizing or rather the right to mercy or should one be forced to suffer until our final hour of life? Individuals should have the freedom to choose to not suffer and die with dignity. The justification of Euthanasia ends the life of a patient who was already terminally ill, it relieves the patient of their painful suffering, and gives them right to choose

Essay 5 Questions To Ask To Know YouRe Investment Ready

5 Questions to Ask to Know You’re Investment Ready In the lifecycle of a startup, nothing is as important as fundraising. You will need investment to turn your business idea into reality. But just because your startup needs money, doesn’t mean it’s ready to attract investment. Indeed, plenty of startups fail to raise funds. So, how do you determine your startup’s investment readiness and what does it mean? Here’s a look at this all-important subject. â€Å"Is the market big enough?† Investors are looking for big returns. In the case of venture capitalists, the expected returns can be anything as high as 10x the investment. Therefore, investors need a demonstrable market opportunity. Essentially, you need to know whether the market is big†¦show more content†¦You also need to demonstrate an ability to enter the market and cut a sizable piece of it. Your startup needs to showcase momentum. What showcases momentum? The first step is to sort out the problem/solution dilemma. You need to understand what problem your product is trying to solve and then highlight why your product is the best solution to it. You need to have a clear competitive advantage outlined. A competitive advantage could be the intellectual property or just the business model you use. For example, you might be able to find new customers at a lower cost than your competitors or you might be able to launch the product globally quicker than others. Ideally, you need to have a clearly defined competitive advantage and then be able to show real traction with the product. Investment ready businesses are not necessarily those who already have a huge amount of paying customers. An investment ready startup is one that is able to show a huge interest and momentum building up. Therefore, you need to have a plan of acquiring customers – investors will prefer a solid plan over mild results. Show how you will grow – what your predictions are in terms of gaining customers, how fast and how many, and what it all will cost. Your second major move to show momentum is about showing startup interest towards your product. Launch a website and start gathering signups for product launch or test. Get letters of

Huntingtons Disease Essay Paper Example For Students

Huntingtons Disease Essay Paper Huntingtons DiseaseBackgroundHuntingtons disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease that givesrise to progressive, elective (localized) neural cell death associated withcholeric movements (uncontrollable movements of the arms, legs, and face) anddementia. It is one of the more common inherited brain disorders. About 25,000Americans have it and another 60,000 or so will carry the defective gene andwill develop the disorder as they age. Physical deterioration occurs over aperiod of 10 to 20 years, usually beginning in a persons 30s or 40s. The geneis dominant and thus does not skip generations. Having the gene means a 92percent chance of getting the disease. The disease is associated with increasesin the length of a CAG triplet repeat present in a gene called huntingtonlocated on chromosome 4. The classic signs of Huntington disease are progressivechorea, rigidity, and dementia, frequently associated with seizures. Studies ;Research Studies were done to determine if somatic mtDNA (mitochondria DNA)mutations might contribute to the neurodegeneration observed in Huntingtonsdisease. Part of the research was to analyze cerebral deletion levels in thetemporal and frontal lobes. Research hypothesis: HD patients have significantlyhigher mtDNA deletionlevels than agematched controls in the frontal and temporallobes of the cortex. To test the hypothesis, the amount of mtDNA deletion in 22HD patients brains was examined by serial dilution-polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and compared the results with mtDNA deletion levels in 25 aged matchedcontrols. Brain tissues from three cortical regions were taken during an autopsy(from the 22 HD symptomatic HD patients): frontal lobe, temporal lobe andoccipital lobe, and putamen. Molecular analyses were performed on genetic DNAisolated from 200 mg of frozen brain regions as described above. The HDdiagnosis was confirmed in patients by PCR amplification of the trinucleotiderepeat in the IT 15 gene. One group was screened with primers that includedpolymorphism and the other was screened without the polymorphism. After heatingthe reaction to 94 degrees C for 4 minutes, 27 cycles of 1 minute at 94 degreesCand 2 minutes at 67 degrees C, tests were performed. The PCR products weresettled on 8% polyacrylamide gels. The mtDNA deletion levels were quantitatedrelative to the total mtDNA levels by the dilution-PCR method. When thepercentage of the mtDNA deletion relative to total mtDNA was used as a marker ofmtDNA damage, most regions of the brain accrued a very small amount of mtDNAdamage before age 75. Cortical regions accrued 1 to 2% deletion levels betweenages 80-90, and the putamen accrued up to 12% of this deletion after age 80. Thestudy presented evidence that HD patients have much higher mtDNA deletionlevelsthan agematched controls in the frontal and temporal lobes of the cortex. Temporal lobe mtDNA deletion levels were 11 fold higher in HD patients than incontrols, whereas the frontal lobe deletion levels were fivefold higher in HDpatients than in controls. There was no statistically significant difference inthe average mtDNA deletion levels between HD patients and controls in theoccipital lobe and the putamen. The increase in mtDNA deletion levels found inHD frontal and temporal lobes suggests that HD patients have an increase mtDNAsomatic mutation rate. Could the increased rate be from a direct consequence ofthe expanded trinucleotide repeat of the HD gene, or is it from an indirectconsequence? Whatever the origin of the deletion, these observations areconsistent with the hypothesis: That the accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutationserodes the energy capacity of the brain, resulting in the neuronal loss andsymptoms when energy output declines below tissue expression thresholds. .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .postImageUrl , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:visited , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:active { border:0!important; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:active , .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55 .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u324a92e1847c0296f10f6e8934b55b55:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm Book Report (215 words) Essay(Neurology, October 95) Treatments Researchers have identified a key proteinthat causes the advancement of Huntingtons after following up on the discoverytwo years ago of the gene that causes this disorder. Shortly after theHuntingtons gene was identified, researchers found the protein it produces, alarger than normal molecule they called huntingtin that was unlike any proteinpreviously identified. The question that they did not know was what either thehealthy huntingtin protein or its aberrant form does in a cell. Recently, a teamfrom Johns Hopkins University found a second protein called HAP-1, that attachesto the huntingtin molec ule only in the brain. The characteristics of this secondprotein has an interesting feature- it binds much more tightly to defectivehuntingtin than to the healthy from, and it appears that this tightly boundcomplex causes damage to brain cells. Researchers are hoping to find simpledrugs that can weaken this binding, thereby preventing the disease to progressany further. In other Huntington-related research, scientists have found wherehuntingtin protein is localized in nerve cells, a step closer to discovering itscontribution toward Huntingtons. A French team reported that they havedeveloped an antibody that attaches itself to the defective protein inHuntingtons and four other inherited diseases. This finding may lead toidentifying the defects in a variety of others unexplained disorders. Theidentification of the gene an the huntingtin protein promised to be a majorbreakthrough in tracing the causes of Huntingtons, but that promise has so farbeen delayed. The protein of Huntington is unlike any other protein known makingit difficult for researchers to guess its role in a healthy cell. However, thishas not stopped researchers from trying to find a possible cure for HD. Effectson Society By finding possible drugs to weaken the binding of the HAP-1 protein,researchers can provide society an incredibly sophisticated, but quick and easywasy to screen for new treatments. One of the biggest arguments for genetictesting, even when there isnt any cure or treatment to offer the patient, isfinancial planning. If you know that youre probably going to be disabled andunable to work before reaching 50, you can plan for it. But what if your incomedoesnt allow for it? This demonstrates the importance for continuous researchon HD. Overview of the Two Articles Both articles concentrate on HDs proteincausing affect. There is no doubt between the two that HD is an inheritedmutation. The Neurology articles explains how HD patients have much higherdeletion levels than agematched cont rols in the frontal and temporal lobes ofthe cortex, whereas the article from Times Medical Writer focuses on a possibletreatment resulting from a finding of a second protein called HAP-1, that bindsitself to the huntingtin molecule only in the brain. Both conclude that HD is amutation that causes damage to brain cells further in a persons life.

Investigating Financial Control Essay Example Essay Example

Investigating Financial Control Essay Example Paper Investigating Financial Control Essay Introduction The business I’ll be examining and find out their objectives and aims is Sainsbury. Sainsbury is a retail store that was founded in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury and it is Britain’s longest-standing major food retailing chain. They opened their first small dairy shop at 173 Drury Lane, London. Drury Lane was one of London’s poorest areas and the Sainsburys’ shop quickly became popular for offering high-quality products at low prices. It was so successful that further branches were opened in other market streets in Stepney, Islington and Kentish Town. In addition, their head office is in J Sainsbury plc, 33 Holborn, London, EC1 N2HT.By 1882, John James Sainsbury had four shops and had plans to expand his business further. He opened a depot in Kentish Town, north-west London, to supply this growing chain and, on the same site, built bacon kilns that produced the first Sainsbury brand product. It was also in 1882 that John James opened his first b ranch in the prosperous suburb of Croydon. This shop sold a wide range of ‘high-class’ provisions and was more elaborately decorated than the earlier shops. However, between 1890 and 1900 the number of Sainsbury’s branches increased from 16 to 48.In addition to a wide range of quality food and grocery products, many stores offer bread baked on the premises, delicatessen, meat and fish counters, pharmacies, coffee shops, restaurants and petrol stations. There are over 14 million people that shop at Sainsbury’s supermarkets regularly and there are 721 stores throughout the UK. Over 10.3 million aluminium cans are recycled at Sainsbury’s stores each year along with 22,000 tonnes of glass.J Sainsbury plc is one of the UK and US’s leading food retailers with interests in financial services and property. Sainsbury’s is the parent organisation controlling these operating companies and they are: Sainsbury’s supermarkets Sainsburyâ€℠¢s bank in the UK Shaw’s Supermarkets Star Market in the US Sainsbury’s Development Sainsbury’s property companySainsbury’s goal is†To deliver an ever-improving shopping experience for customers with greater product at fair prices†Sainsbury’s mission is†To be the consumer’s first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working ‘faster, simpler and together†Sainsbury’s has got a lot of different aims. One of the aims is: To exceed customer expectations for healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food making their lives easier every day.Sainsbury’s has also got a lot of different objectives. One of the objectives is: To meet customers’ needs effectively and in addition provide shareholders with good, sustainable financial returnsSainsbury’s main products are supermarket/grocery products, retail banking services, and retail prope rty development services. Sainsbury’s are committed in providing food at the highest quality that is not only delicious but also safe for everyone. The range of customers is the public; it is a store that is open to everyone. Sainsbury’s sells almost all types of products, for example: Milk Bakery products All types of food Toiletries Canned food, etcSainsbury provides employees with a stimulating and well-equipped working environment. According to one of the departmental head, he stated that ‘Making teamwork work’ should be the goals of a lot of organisations in order to make use of all employees’ strengths to improve the organisation as a whole.TransactionsIs a method of buying or selling goods and it could also be a way of purchasing money from one person to another. It can also be a technique of transferring services from one business to another.Transaction from customersThere are different ways in which customers purchases their goods. It could either be by cash and debit or credit card. Furthermore, most customers pay by debit or credit card because they feel more convenient and they could always get limited cash from the store when they are paying for their shopping and then the staff records it on to the till and also their receipt.Transaction – Manual recordingThis is when a ccutomer purchases goods from the store and then he/she pays by credti or debit card. After paying for the items with the credit or debit card, the customer recieves a receipt to sign and then when he/she signs the receipt, the staff checks the receipt with the card given by the customer to be sure it’s the right signature and the signed reciept is being kept with other customers’ receipt. However this is copy of the store and everything is being recorded at the end of the day.Transaction – Electronic recordingIf a customer made purchses with cash, credit or debit it is automatically registered in the cash register and this is recorded electronically. This process is easy because at the end of the day the business would know how much money they’ve made and they could easily retrieve information on the system for future references.The effectiveness and security of recording transaction maually and electronicallyManual recording is effective because its way of recording transaction easily and faster by customers’ purchasing items from the store. In addition, all the receipts should be kept for future references at the end of the day and they should be stored in a safe and dry place.Manual recording is not secure due to some certain reasons like if: Customers’ reciepts could be lost. Receipts may not be handled with proper care, that is, a staff could put it in the bin without taking note that it is still a receipt that could be useful for the future. Time is being wasted because it takes a lot of time to record transaction of customers. Receipts could get wet mistakely by staff. Staff could forget to record transaction.Electronic recording is effective because it saves a lot of time. Whenever a transaction is made it is automatically recorded on to the main system. In addition, customers’ see how much they’ve spent whenever a transaction is being processed for them.Electronic recording is not secure because when the system crashes, most of the transaction information being recorded could be lost. When typing in the payment made by customers, the wrong amount of money could be recorded and this could lead to difficulty when trying to retrieve customers’ payments on the products purchased from the store.Task 2They are different ways in which fraud could occur in Sainsbury’s and they are: Fraud could occur in this business when any of the staff gives out the security code for some certain information. Fraud could take place when a staff obtains money from the company, cashier or till. When some basic equipments or products are bein g taken out without anyone knowing. When purchases made by customer, purchases made by staff and sales to customers are not recorded. Fraud could occur when a staff gives out a product to family, peers without payment. When customers or staff walks out from the store with some certain products without paying. When staff or customer eats or drinks a certain product form the store without payment. Fraud could occur when staff doesn’t record a purchase made by customer. It could occur when prices of products are beind reduced for some family or peers without recording. Where the company’s equipment is used for inappropriate personal use or log in to some confidential information, e.g. access to the computer and the changing some information on spreadsheets or database.Task 3Prevention of fraud could be avoided in different ways in Sainsbury’s and they are:Fraud monitoring serviceIf Sainsbury’s staff sees unusual transactions appearing on a customer’s card and become suspicious that someone is using his/her card or card details without the customer’s knowledge, Sainsbury’s company would as soon as possible to check whether the customer made the recent expenditures. The business organisation has also a contact number to call in case of any fraud, which is 0845 355 0866.Free online guaranteeIf a transaction is using a customer’s details and has been carried out on the Internet without the knowledge or consent of the customer, Sainsbury’s organization take this case serious by providing a free online guarantee to safeguard against malicious card use.Chip and PINAs in this modern time, there are all new credit and debit cards, customers’ Sainsbury’s Bank credit card comes with the added security of Chip and PIN. This is a simple way to pay for shopping that doesn’t involve signing a receipt. When paying for something, the customer needs to have or do is entering a 4-digit personal iden tification number (PIN) – this is just as using a cash machine. This is a PIN that will be personal to the customer; it will make counterfeiting almost impossible, keeping all customers’ transactions secure. All customers can change their PIN to make it easier to remember or if anyone knows their PIN and they want to change it for security. If a customer wants to change his/her PIN, they could visit any Sainsbury’s Bank, Halifax or Bank of Scotland cash machine and simply follow the on screen instructions.Sainsbury’s strongly advise that customers never write down or tell anyone their credit card PIN number. In addition, customers should never give their card, or card number, to anyone unless they are giving them payment details. There is also a contact number, which is 0845 300 0344 in case a customer thinks anyone is in a position to use their card without their permission.Public ActionThe company encourages members of the public or staffs that if they presume fraud and corruption, they should contact anyone in a higher rank in the store, that is the Chief Executive, Manager or security.My source of information was from www.sainsburybank.co.ukFraud could also be prevented through this ways too, which are:o Staffs are trainned on how to recognise shop lifters.o CCTV cameras are being installed.o Before employees are employed, their personal record are being checked for any criminal record before they are employed.o Security gaurds.o At the start and at the end of sales for the day, stock are being doubled checked in order to make sure everything is in perfect and not missing.This is an appendix of Sainsbury’s group profit and loss account to show how much the business has gained and lost through sales. Investigating Financial Control Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!