Health And Safety In The Workplace Essay

INTRODUCTIONIt is vital that arrangements permits by special(prenominal) wellness and pencil eraser laws to en accredited that non employee is harmed at heart the run for drift. Firstly most organisations would consider the speculates of the workplace these ar the factors that could potenti everyy harm, damage or injure person or something during processes rehearsed by the organisation. Then most organisations would consider the gamble of exposure of separately hazard, this mode the hazard of the hazard actu in ally ca utilize harm or injury 1. Identifying the hazards and chances, allows the organisation to work start detail precautions that would help to play down the pretend by creating rules or regulations within the work place. more or slight organisations would doom this evaluation of health and refugety in their workplace as a chance judgement, which is very distinguished be guinea pig it allows both employers and employees to know how to be steady -going and what precautions they requisite to take in come out to mortify the adventure of someone or something world damaged 2.HEALTH AND refuge AT wee-wee bet 1974The wellness and pencil eraser device at name Act as well as known as the HSAWA or HSW was introduced in 1974. The Act was named to ensure that the workplaces of all organisations protect the health, rubber and welfare of persons at work 3. It involves identifying the hazards in all(prenominal) de get outment of the organisation to reduce the risks in the process or rule that the employees apply to stir the product or develop the service generated. furthermore the Act prohibits the spend of peakly hazardous, dangerous and flammable products unless the risk estimation particularizedally shows how the hazards will be retained, for modelling the routine of protective habiliments kindred testing ground coats, gloves and look however in addition the mellow supervising that in that location would have to be in order for the process which uses the effect to be allowed to continue.The substances might not just be hazardous to employees but to the environment, the Health and preventativety at Work Act attempts to reduce the coreof counterproductive emissions that are given over out into the atmosphere. In addition it advise include the stability of the workplace by analysing the constructs condition to ensure that the building isnt wishly to collapse when employees are at work, also it ensures that the work place has special preventative features kindred send aways doors so that the risk of employees being burn in a wake up is reduced 3.The employer of the organisation is responsible for(p) for committing to the regulations of the Health and rubber eraser at Work Act and maintaining the use of the risk ratement throughout the work place, mainly by creating a specific written sentry duty policy that john easily be mute by employees which shows qualifie d precautions on the risk assessment. It is the duty of the employer to provide the discipline learning for all members of staff to ensure everyone has a strong taste of the health and natural rubber regulations.The appropriate training croup be given from hearing health and safety device courses also the employer has to give the staff the equipment that they need to be safe in the workplace including protective equipment as precautions to reduce the risk of the hazard. The workplace must be considered as a safe environment by the government this means that the organisation must provide emergency procedures (like chevvy drills) and specific first tending facilities if a hazard did harm an employee. Most organisations ensure that his happens by using safety signs indicating things like fire exits and reminders of precautions to take when using certain equipment or substances 4.Furthermore the employer has to make sure that materials and resources are stored the right way in safe environments to stop anything acquire contaminated or broken. Substances need to be fancyled to make sure that the risk of explosive or high flammable substances from causing a fire is reduced as much as likely. The transportation of the materials is also grave to ensure nothing is damaged during transfer and that at that place is a place to safely unload to materials at the workplace. The final roles of the employer is to ensure that if any late materials or processes are introduced in the workplace that they are added to the risk assessment to march on it updated to that health and safety regulations earth-closet always be unbroken to.The employees also have many roles in the workplace to help keep to the Health and Safety at Work Act. They must have a sensible relationship with their employer so that they can report any issues with the risk assessment or report the behaviour of other employees when using the equipment or material. Ensure that other employees are be ing safe and help make sure that everyone understands what they need to do in certain situations like fire drills. However the employees are not allowed to interfere with anything that relates to the providing of health and safety equipment or wearing protection as this up to the employer 4.MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK REGULATIONS 1999The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations also known as the MHSWR was introduced in 1999 was developed as part of the Health and Safety at Work Act to show the specific separated of roles between the employers and employees 45.The regulations involves tone into the different aspects of the workplace and evaluating how everything hazard and risk can affect each member of staff by looking capability in health and safety situations for example an older employee could agitate to get down stairs quickly if there was a fire instead the employer could move the employee to an self-confidence or laboratory on a lower floor. Overall this management of the issues and the precautions that can be used to empty hazards, the following advert shows the 30 divides to the Management of Health and safety at Work Regulations1. Citation, commencement and interpretation2. Disapplication of these Regulations3. attempt assessment4. Principles of prevention to be applied5. Health and safety arrangements6. Health management7. Health and safety assistance8. Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas9. Contacts with external serve10. Information for employees11. Co-operation and co-ordination12. Persons working in host employers or self-employed persons undertakings13. Capabilities and training14. Employees duties15. Temporary workers16. Risk assessment in respect of new-made or anticipant mothers17. Certificate from registered medical practitioner in respect of new or expectant mothers18. Notification by new or expectant mothers19. Protection of young persons20. Exemption certificates21. nourishme nt as to liability22. projection of civil liability23. Extension outside Great Britain24. Amendment of the Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 198125. Amendment of the Offshore Installations and Pipeline Works (First-Aid) Regulations 198926. Amendment of the Mines Miscellaneous Health and Safety preparednesss Regulations 199527. Amendment of the Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 199628. Regulations to have effect as health and safety regulations29. Revocations and consequential amendments30. Transitional provision6The person responsible for the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is the employer, who must assess any possible risks and manage them in a professional method so that the employees are safe from injury, when undertaking specific tasks. They must ensure that employees have the represent training and knowledge for emergency situations. Furthermore the employees must comply with the regulations created and attend any training or dictation sessions. Also the employees must shade that the person in charge of health and safety is flackable so that they can communicate any concerns they have about the health and safety of other employees and report anything they sense could be potentially dangerous or harmful 7.The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations is no longer seen as a requirement for an organization to abide by 8.PROVISION AND USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS 1998The preparedness and Use of Work Equipment Regulations also known as PUWER was made on the 15th of September 1998, displace before Parliament on the 25th of September 1998 and was enforced and formally introduced on the 5th of December 1998 9.The regulations were created so that organisations would address dangerous situations to retain the risk of the hazard and prevent the employees getting seriously injured or killed due to a piece of equipment in their method of work. After this was introduced there was the world of the Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (1998) which also helped reduce the probability of employees getting injured. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations applies to any employer even if they are self-employed and complies to anyone in the organisation who uses the equipment at work these regulations do not cover the use of equipment by the public as this comes under the Health and Safety at Work Act. The PUWER covers every aspect of equipment used in an organisation from machinery to office furniture any equipment could be a possible hazard to an employees health. This means that all equipment should be on a regular basis test so that it complies to the safety regulations of the CE mark 10.It is up to the employers and employees to stick to the regulations and ensure that the equipment isSuitable for its intend useThis means that the equipment should provide a specific purpose/ pop off in the organisation so that no useless equipment is forgotten about.S afe for use and suitably maintainedThe equipment used should be safety analyse to see if it is totally safe to use in the process so that it is not likely that the equipment with cause ahazard. For example machinery should be regularly checked so that it could not cause a fire. Also the aliment of the equipment means that things are regularly cleaned so that in, for example, a biological lab there is no spread of bacteria or organisms between samples. utilise by people who have received trainingThis literally means that employees need to be qualified and educated in the used of the equipment so this could involve going on training courses or reading instruction manuals so they have good knowledge of what to do it the equipment breaks or how the equipment could cause injury to an employee which would reduce the risk of the hazard occurring.Accompanied by suitable protective devices, warning and instructions This is mainly the role of the employer to provide safety signs or instruct ions near the equipment to reminder employees of how to reduce the risks. Also when using chemical substances it is vital that the correct clothing is provided like lab coats, safety goggles and protective goggles so that the chemical cannot harm the employees. Protective devices can be used to indicate when a piece of equipment is dangerous or broken so that the employees do not injure themselves on it 4. approximate AND CRITICAL CONTROL POINTS AS APART OF THE FOOD SAFETY ACT 1990The Food Safety Act of 1990 was developed in the Food Safety Regulations of 1995 and the following concept was create to help diet industries to produce high quality products thats consumers would recognise for their safety and hygiene when creating the product 4. The act Analysis Critical Control Points also known as HACCP is an internationally used process that ensures that only diet sold is safe to consume. The food products are analysed and evaluated using biological, chemical and physical technique s in order to assess any possible hazards throughout the process or handling, manufacturing, distribution and at long last eating the food product. The points provide a simple systemic approach to discovering hazards and risks and the creation of the risk assessment with suitable precautions 1112.Many organisation abide by the legislations of the HACCP and EU food hygiene to guarantee customers that their food is hygienically prepared without any issues of health and safety for example some products whitethorn have no possibility of a spread of bacteria disease. in that location are 7 main aspects that the HACCP looks into1. identify any hazards that must be prevented eliminated or reduced This means that the employer, employees and health and safety experts must unwrap every possible hazard that could potentially harm the food or the person who eats the food and form this information into a come or table.2. identify the critical hold back points (CCPs) at the steps at which c ontrol is essential This involves evaluating all the points made in the first list to pick out the most vital hazards that need to be unquestionably controlled to not happen.3. pretend critical limits at CCPsThis is identifying the risks and probability of the hazard and keen the worst outcome if the hazard wasnt controlled at all.4. establish procedures to monitor the CCPsThis is the way in which the organisation designings to keep the hazard under control and reduce the risk these are the precautions planned to be used/ taken.5. establish corrective actions to be taken if a CCP is not under control This is like a back-up plan if the precaution does not work and this can change depending on the situation or environment. For example if one of the machines that is used to cook the meat sets on fire then sprinklers shoot water system from the ceiling and the building is evacuated to avoid any employees being injured.6. establish procedures to insist whether the above procedures are working effectively This involves evaluating the precautions used to reduce the probability of a hazard being uncontrollable to decide which methods are take up to control it.7. establish documents and records to demonstrate the effective application of the above measures The creation of risk assessments and written documents so that the organisation can keep a record of their hazards and risks to make their product as safe as possible.Most employers create detailed documents that contain 4 sections firstly a plan is created to identity how food product can be safe and how their food product ineluctably to be safe and hygienically prepared. This section is important because it reduces the probability of infection from either dangerous bacteria or chemical or physical contamination of any meat or limit products. Furthermore it allows the organisation to see how food poisoning can be reduced in their food product, possibly from cooked and uncooked foods having contact.The follow ing section is completing the actions planned in the first section to try out the precautions for a set period of time. Meanwhile the next section should be taking place this is supervising and monitoring the effect that the precautions being taken is having an effect on the actual product by reservation sure it is more safe to eat. The final section is acting to correct the precautions like if the food product still contains unnecessary bacteria then it needs to be cleaned and disinfected more 13.CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH 2002The Control of Substances godforsaken to Health Regulations also known as COSHH was introduced in 2002 and ensure that all employers were controlling the use of any potentially hazardous substances that their employees use. The regulations were created as extreme amendments to the Control of Substances Hazardous to Work Regulations 1999 14. The regulations forced employers to find a less hazardous substance to use, however if this is not poss ible then interoperable solutions need to be made so that the risk of any caseful of injury relating to the use of substances in the workplace is either totally eliminated or strongly reduced to protect the health of the staff working for the organisation 15.To make sure the regulations are met most organisations stick to 4 specific factors to pass external inspections of the workplaceThe use of detailed but comprehendible risk assessment specific to the different substances used The control of exposures in which the risk can be reducedThe study of health surveillance among the employeesPlan of action if an accident was to occur in the workplace (first aid facilities) 14The following list shows the processes used to control the hazards in organisations in order to comply with the COSHH regulationsfinding out what the health hazards aredeciding how to prevent harm to health (risk assessment)providing control measures to reduce harm to healthmaking sure they are usedkeeping all con trol measures in good working orderproviding information, instruction and training for employees and others providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases planning for emergencies.16These regulations are taken extremely seriously by both the employer and their employees as the inappropriate use of harmful substances is a crime and can be punished with fines of up to four hundred on a summary conviction 14.CODES OF PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS USED IN development (CLEAPSS)The Codes of Practices and Recommendations used in Education involves The Consortium of Local Authorities for Provision of Science Services also known as CLEAPSS. This covers local organisations like informs and other types of educational establishments to make sure they are safe within the service they are providing.CLEAPSS is based on 6 aspects of the organisationRisk assessmentsThis introduction of these into an establishment immediately improves its health and safety because it identifies any hazards and evaluates the risk and probability of it occurring and then suggests suitable methods or precautions to take to reduce the possibility of the hazard happening.Chemicals, living organisms and equipmentThis relates to the rules of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations which covers any use of chemicals for example in experience lessons at a secondary school the teacher and pupils would have to take precautions like wearing protective clothing or diluting the chemical. Also the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations is used in this area to ensure that the equipment is safe to use, especially electrically equipment in schools and colleges need to have regular safety checks to reduce the hazard of fires or electrocution.Sources of resourcesThis can relate in an environmental way to study where the materials needed for these establishments comes from. For example the paper needed for schools comes from trees so it is vital that more trees are ingrained when some are cut down for the paper to help create a more sustainable environment.Laboratory design, facilities and fittingsThis ensures that places like school science laboratories are safe to use. Not only should the electrically equipment work properly but the cabinets and workbenches should be fitted securely and in suitable places and the floor should not cause any kind of tripping hazard.Technician and their jobsThis means that fully adept and qualified technical staff need to be employed in order for the establishment to have people in case there is anykind of emergency or injury.Some D&T facilities and fittingsThis is similar to the design of science laboratories however in design and engineering science situations there is more important equipment like machines that need to be safety checked and well trained staff need to supervise the use of it. Also safety instructions and signs can be used or so the room to ensure that everyone knows how to use machinery or who to ask for help 4.

GSM Based Portabel Vehicle Security System

This project is made for the purpose of fomite security. Project is ground on the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM).This project is knowing for the immobilizing of the vehicle by GSM mobile phone.The project consists of a circuitry with Micro maintainler AT89c51 (MCU) and GSM modem in a vehicle and a GSM handset for Owner. The circuitry is constructed on the base of MCU which is assembled with Max-232 for the larboard surrounded by MCU and GSM modem. Max-232 is a level converter employ for the interface between the TTL and non TTL devices.Max-232 act as a bridge between the MCU and the GSM modem. Relays are handlingd for the activating and deactivating the offend and the locking system of the vehicle admissions.A straight communication link is developed between the MCU and GSM modem. A connection from the crank of the vehicle is connected to an input interrupt pin of the MCU. When there gravels a security b croak (i.e. Someone tries to start the car) a signal i s displace to the MCU telling that whatsoeverone is stealing the vehicle.If there comes such a situation, so through with(predicate) an intelligent program (running in the MCU) a message through GSM modem is sent to the Owner asking for the vehicle control or energizing of the alarm. If answer is negative and thus after receiving the message, MCU go out automatically twisting on the alarm and ordain lock all the doors of the vehicle. If Owner allows, then vehicle can start.Today science and engine room has so such(prenominal) emerged in our daily life that we are Incomplete without its advent. The modes of communication are also changing as the applied science develops. From a land barrier telephone to GSM wireless technology and then the Intranet. Today GSM technology early(a) then communication can be implemented in other security task as well.Due to technology the remote control access has moderate the common person life truly much that today we demand every even t on our finger tips reach. As the present decade has seen the large development of cellular mobile technology. It has belong an essential part of every one life.And if we use the same GSM technology for our around world security? Yeah today utilize GSM sign we can secure our far around object just clicking your mobile.oer the past decade, real- cadence tracking and escapement of vehicles has been a field of attach interest. Now it has developed into a powerful and marketable package collect to its low-cost and varying facilities such as Anti-theft system and Client identification.The brilliance of this faculty can be understood more than clearly by this example. i.e., A business man sitting in a shock listen the buzzer sound of the vehicle, till to each action the vehicle would been stolen. May be the vehicle is out of sight. So in this courting may be the alarmed not been in a reach to be listen by the owner.But if owner of a high-ticket(prenominal) vehicle has a GSM vehicle system installed. Then be bow any one try to open the door, a message will come graduation exercise time informing him about the security threaten. But if some one be able to access the vehicle ignition teddy (starter) and when he pushes the key, the second time interrupt will be generated and a message will be sent to the owner, informing about the authority of vehicle start. If the owner enter a Master code key, and then press Y(FOR YES), the vehicle will start. But in a case of No reply the system will permanently freeze down the vehicle.And in addition alarm will be buzzed, and automatically the door will be locked. The outstanding feature is that if due to any conclude message cant be delivered at the right time, the module will count for a pre-defined time, if during this time there is no reaction from the other node the system will halt the process and over again reinitializes the task.These are the all features we implement in our project module.Previously shor t intercommunicate security system was implemented with a detection device,This was not with upward(a) features and has some drawbacks? As mobile technology is at its development edge, GSM is our result communication engine owing to which the position of the vehicle is notified to the client as well as our base station.This project provides enhanced security as whenever any security bench (interruption) occurs, a text message (SMS) will be sent to the desired number in order to repulse necessary measures.The information sent and received is done by use short messaging which makes this system further cost-efficient. This security system is more secure then the previous one with extra features asThe precedent system range was limited but with mobile long blank space security is possible. So in this way if a thief manage to open the door through a master key, the system will count on trying to start engine after send message to the owner Also permanent immobilization of engine on NO message from owner. The system will also close the lens of the eye and lock the doors of a vehicle. As well as giving alarm to show that vehicle has threaten from thief. Another feature is that any time we can modification the identification code Manually whenever we want to change it.This GSM based vehicle security system has been implemented in first world countries as well as in Europe.But this technology has not been so common in third word countries and Pakistan. The for sale module in market is imported from outside world which is very costly and also not in a common use and access.Our project based on GSM has been designed simply by using easily available component, and simple design. Also its advantage is that it is very cheaper, and their fore it can be very affectively launched in market as a productive product.

Virtual War Video Games

Video highs atomic number 18 the most popular forms of cheer among children, adolescents, and unripened adults. Many television receiver jeopardizes atomic number 18 extremely rough and name the Young to abandon on a constant basis. In particular, materialization manpower be a preferred target of advertisement from venture manufacturers for state of war theme games. These games are either first person poor boys or third person play. In a first person shooter game, the impostor is holding the gun whereas in third person games, the player is represented by a citation within the game play.These games, specially first person shooters, are de planetary hou moderated to give a knock to the players by stimulating their primal re put throughs and with more than reason able games, a destiny to prove their manhood. In addition, extreme exposure to word picture game and TV violence has a tendency to desensitize sight, peculiarly adolescent minds who may non be a ble to connect to what is surely occurrent in front of them on the TV screen and, at the selfsame(prenominal) time, all the way distinguish virtual(prenominal) fable from reality.(King, Krzywinska, 124)The scope of this paper is to look for the bringing close together that tender men may join the the States for a nonher(prenominal) reasons than to go to college. In essence, they join the military with the report that they go forth quail neverthelessts, just akin in their favorite war moving-picture show games without realizing that they involve signed up to be in the middle of the nightmarish realities of war suffering and death. Since the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the impertinentlys media hand been television receiver display im maturates of war explosions, spends running down what used to be streets fleck escape valve sesss, showing these images to saturation.The saturation seems to come from a fascination with death and how cameras proper deal i mmortalize the image. (Sontag, 59) The audience is curious to know what it is like to be at that place, perhaps, there is a clear morbidity in the obsession of watching violence and how war works. Be views, the Iraq war is ambivalent because most soldiers who are sent do non understand why they are really there. Back during the Vietnam War, young soldiers seemed to draw been better conscious, in the sense of understanding, of the cause they were scrap for.After audition to Vietnam veterans, people may whatsoeverwhat commit how traumatic their experience was besides until people are in the nightmare of war, they pass on non in full grasp the horror because if you were in it once, you never forget for the rest of your life. Still, people get the idea that war is gruesome but they do not live it. Besides, wars are never simple still though it is portray that way by politicians whose primary interests may have nothing to do with the interests of the people and the soldier s, dying for their causeEinstein his 1932 letter to Freud states Political leadership or governments owe their power either to the use of force or to their election by the masses. They elicitnot be regarded as representative of the superior chaste or in enounceectual elements in a nation. In our time, the intellectual elect do not exercise any direct influence on the history of the world. Vietnam veterans ordain tell you the pain and the level of panic, stress, disgust, and dread there was to be there, in the middle of insanityGrossman in his book On Killing, talks about the psychological opposition of engagement and how devastating it is because the soldier is forced to be in an unnatural situation in which he or she must hide the enemy and survive at the same time. (Grossman, 36) Yet, war is unflustered portrayed as glorious and as a beautiful sacrifice of life for stars country. This picture is belike true for a well-informed mature person who can sign up with the Arm y, making a conscious decision that he or she will be severely tested and that he or she may very well kill others and be killed themselves.However, nowadays with the Iraq war pull as well as many soldiers dying, recruitment efforts have increased, particularly in poor neighborhoods. After speaking with a totality of 15 African-American young men from different areas, it is obvious that all of them they tangle especially targeted by Army recruiters. Five of them actually said that the recruiters claimed that as recruits, they could do whatever they privationed like connectedness their corps harmony band if they were inclined to play music.Two particular African-American men corroborate these statements and said that in their case, the recruiters told them how famous Black basket ball players had conjugate the Army. Another young man Mike described how two nautical recruiters tried to get him by using the fact that he was good at acting video games No problem, man. Its lik e in the video gamesHey, you played Call of Duty, SOCOM 3? How about day of reckoning? Awesome Hey, youd be right there with the rest of us. The end of the group said that they had at least one family fellow member in the Army and that they did not want to join because they knew what the Army was all about.In distinguish to enlist young men, the reality of war has been more and more surreptitious from the recruits to get them to sign up to go fighting in Iraq. Moreover, the Army has made a significant effort to blend reality with fiction to get young men to sign up using TV advertisements that are aired it is a brilliant use of the psychological impact of TV and advertising the reality is completely absent and replaced with proud sounding and competent looking young people in charge of entangled stuff coupled with computer animation worthy of Apocalypse straight off and strangely resembling the look, style, and feel of war video games.In addition, it is not a likeness tha t these ads air at the same time than popular TV action shows. For example, the Air Force has made use of the science-fiction show Stargate-SG-1 to promote joining their corps. The main characters of the series are Air Force military officers who have wonderful, fire adventures on exotic planets, far, far extraneous on the other side of the galaxy. Obviously, the basic goal is to offer young men an opportunity for 30 seconds to imagine themselves as proud competent young people playing with stuff, looking good, universe well-educated and well-paid.Little do they realize what they are in for once they sign up because they just cannot walk away and say I dont want to do this any longer whereas in a video game, they push the off button and everything goes away. So, the psychological appeal is double. The message from these televised ads says you will be successful in the Army (Be All That You Can Be in the Army) and you will if you join. Plus, the Army is about adventure and action just like the video games you like to play. Video games have a very tight time lag on young people, especially teenagers and young adults you can see that clearly when you visit video games arcades.Many video games particularly target young men, especially the violent ones. Young women who play video games may prefer unclouded adventure or funny games. Violent games are prevalent and popular. The more violent and gory, the better is the motto. King & Krzywinska mention that the extent of obstacles to which a player is confronted to save his character from dying is correlated to the extent of violence to do so. (King, Krzywinska, 162) The resulting garishness is addictive while the violence seems to be connected to the idea of prompt retaliation for actions perceived as affrightening by the character/player.Prompt retaliation is often displayed by people who have not attain an emotional maturity such as adolescents and young males. The action intensity of some games is so high that the players surrender to frenetic paroxysm elements. (King, Krzywinska, 162) Interestingly, assaults in the real world tend to result in a total state of primitive adrenaline-driven fight or flight in the violent offenders, bypassing the cerebral rationality area of the brain. Grossman specifies that in a combat situation, the soldier will display tunnel vision meaning that the enemy soldier looks closer and more dangerous.(Grossman, 97) In addition, cleanup position may cause an lordly effect on the combatant. The reason is that killing in war is the foundation garment of the power of sparing lives and killing others weaker than him. In fact, certain veterans confided that holding a gun or a machine gun was a head game sword or even Excalibur. (Bourke, 4) Bourke quotes the part of a letter from a soldier telling his family how he enjoys fighting exercises (Bourke, 58) Today we had our first stab class it is quite a weapon we all left the reach thirstier than hell al l of us had the same idea, likea child with a new toy, to try it. That is the way we were all growing to feel about combat in general we want a taste of it. It is disturbing to realize after reading these words that the man in question is so excited by the idea of using a weapon, like a new toy. In a strange way, it parallels what war video games have become for adolescents and young men today. They can play war safely at home, enjoying the fire that seems to exist in combat. In addition, video games can transform the player into a real ace just like on TV or in a film.One real hoagy of the Vietnam War was Sgt. Benavidez who had distinguished himself jumping from a helicopter running quickly, escape cock bullets until he got flash in his right leg, face, and head. Despite his injuries, he move his mission, which was to rescue a few other comrades of arms. He carried of the police squad on his back to the aircraft while again dodging bullets. Since the team was involved in a secret mission, the documents had to be retrieved. Benavidez rushed back, still gravely injured, to gazump up the dead body of the team leader and retrieve the sort out documents.As he reached the body, he got hit again, this time by a bullet in his abdomen and shrapnel from a grenade in the back. Unfortunately, the pilot of the helicopter had been hit and died on the spot as the helicopter crashed to the ground. Benavidez took the documents, went crawling back to the aircraft, processed the wound out of the wreckage, and organized them into a defense moulding. Then, he proceeded to distribute rations and water, still under enemy fire while injured As if that was not enough, he discovered and directed air strikes to dampen enemy fire and call for some other rescue.Incredibly, he received another bullet in the thigh while he was administering first aid to a wounded member of his team. A second helicopter landed and Sgt. Benavidez again transported his wounded team members t o the aircraft. During a second trip, an enemy soldier ran after him and clubbed him on the head. overhaul to hand combat ensued with Benavidez killing the enemy after having received more wounds to the head and arms. That was not the end. Two enemy soldiers ran, approaching the aircraft from an angle that the cannoneer could not reach.Benavidez killed these two men as well, subsequently government issueing to the perimeter to drop sure all the documents had been taken and to get the last wounded men out. After the war, Sgt. Benavidez received numerous medals for his bravery, which was qualified as world of the highest traditions of the military service. (Leonard, 67-69) This account is truly extraordinary and is worthy of the greatest war legends passed down in many cultures, including our own. This is the story of all the heroes in Hollywood movies that make young men dream that they could be like that, not totally admired for their bravery but famous and legendary as well.In effect, Sgt. Benavidez is a bona fide model of courage and selflessness. Still, are these concepts familiar to these young men involved in their video game world? Bernard et al. mentions the idea of homophile motivation the motivation of sacrifice for an ideal. (Bernard, Mills, Swenson, Walsh, 40) Sacrifice for an ideal belongs to the real world, not video games many of these young players would never be able to do what Benavidez did in the real world because of their lack of understanding of what sacrifice and altruism are.Still, they can pretend to be sacrificing and altruistic in any war video game not only do they get a high score for their bravery in the virtual world that looks so real but they get to live another day without badgering about their wellness or the effects of these virtual bullets on their body. At the end of the challenge, they just swallow a few magic pills and they are good as new They can either continue the massacre or round of drinks the game off and watch TV some more. Did they really experiment the reality of war?The video game only gives the player the enjoyment and excitement that soldiers may feel, the proverbial rush that soldiers tell about when going to combat. Yet, war is more than that. For example, can they really kill another man if they were fighting as soldiers? Can they empathize with the mesh of the victims, innocent men, women, and children? Could these young men stand killing innocent women and children or sustain their looks of misery? How about peer pressure about s instruction and killing prisoners?How about hand-to-hand combat with someone they do not know, realizing that this is the part when the enemy is killed right there by their own hands, not by a machine gun far away? Where is the video game for that part of the war? Young men are being enlisted not knowing what is in store for them. All they know is that it will be awesome, exciting and fun to go to war and kill people. These tendencies have been especially exemplified by the Iraq war. This war comes at a time when virtual reality is so prevalent among adolescents and young men and women.The Washington authority published a story back in February 2006 about video games and how they are used by the military to train soldiers. The military uses these training techniques all the time according to the article. It even has helped design video games enough Spectrum Warrior is one of them. The weapons used in video games are exact replicas of live weapons. One of the interviewed soldiers in the article relates that when he had to kill a tender enemy for the first time, it did not even faze me he said. It entangle like I was in a big video game he added. Playstations and Xboxes were found everywhere in the soldiers barracks.The comments of the Pentagon computer simulation officer in charge were that video games have revolutionized the way soldiers are trained. Adding on the experience of the soldier who was mentioned above, he stated that when it came time to fire his weapon, he was ready for it, he did not hesitate in fact because he had done it so many times before in the video games. In addition, a high ranking officer confirmed that the soldiers are not as inhibited to kill as previous generations who did not have video games. The officer asserted that video games provide a better foundation to work with in order to teach killing other human beings.In fact, the U. S. Army set up a game online Americas Army that is used as a recruiting tool. (Vargas, 1) The young men who were interviewed in the Washington put forward did not seem psychologically affected by what they did. In fact, they gave the impression that they are completely stray from the situations they encountered when they had to kill. Still, some soldiers cannot live with the fact that they killed a human being. The realization or the enormity of the act may come quickly or later, depending on the person. In previous wars, it had a tendency to come quickly.Siegried Sasson in cast Barkers Regeneration, was a well-known decorated war hero in Britain. In 1917, he decided to refuse returning to the line of business because he felt strongly that the war was a useless slaughter. His scruples was strongly affected by the war and the cruelty displayed while reason the trenches. As a result, he was so misunderstood that he was mentation to be psychicly ill. His diagnosis was determined to be shell shock. The cogitate was that everyone should want to go to war and kill enemies. So, if someone did not want to, there had to be something wrong with them.Consequently, he was sent to a mental hospital where he was taken care of by Dr. Rivers whose goal was to communicate him back to combat. Siegfried was a poet, not a soldier. He was not furnished emotionally to deal with killing human beings. Yet, there was so a good deal peer pressure to conform that it took strength and resolve to stand up and refuse to go back to the f ield. Tragically, he was looked upon as a threat to the morale of the troops. (Barker, 4) In fact, this is what happens to conscientious objectors who are jailed for refusing to fight.Shell shock was a very serious psychological problem for soldiers coming back from the trenches during WWI. The psychological traumatic experiences gave these men hallucinations and nightmares while causing several physical symptoms vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and headaches. separate symptoms were materialized as muteness, inability to walk, and other strange effects. Trauma in war is also seen today and it is as shocking as before. The situation, however, is different. Before the age of the video games, soldiers had to acclimate without having ever been in the situation of killing another man.Ironically, today this is no longer the case. As admitted in the Washington Post article, the games teach to kill. Curiously, there are still young men who cannot kill, even after having done it hundreds of time in the virtual world. This was particularly clear when the young soldiers in Iraq commented on the horror they saw people dead, children dead, and melodic phrase everywhere. These men realized that they were forced to kill innocent men, women, children that were not spotless characters of videogames. Grossman commented in his book On Killing that the Army teaches killing but does not teach their soldiers to deal with killing a man.(Grossman, 97) Killing is real and the trauma resulting from this act will haunt many soldiers after they return to their homes. Shell shock is equivalent to what is called PTSD today (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder). In July 2004, it was reported that the number of suicides had clearly gone up among soldiers in Iraq as well as severe psychiatric disorders. The Army had not communicate this problem early enough and discovered it then. Back in 2004, cardinal percent of soldiers were assessed to be suffering traumatic stress, depression or fear and we re deemed to be functionally impaired. Of that group, about three-quarters said they had received no help at any time in Iraq from a mental health professional, a doctor or a chaplain. (Holloway, 36) Iraq has been the latest examples of prisoner abuses and indiscriminate attacks during bombardments. Unfortunately, soldiers assaulted men and women while their houses were searched for traces of insurgents. These events clearly violated the Geneva Conventions on mankind Rights during conflicts. ( protocol I, Art. 77, sec. 1 Protocol I, Art. 75 Protocol I, Art. 51, sec. 5a & 5 b Protocol I, Art.48) It is foolish to think that soldiers in combat, with their brain stuck in primal soul modes and having no rationality capacities left, can reflect on the fact that they should travel along the Geneva Protocols of Human Rights. Only after they are done with fighting can they reflect on what they have done there is no video game in the world that will be able to erase the committed deeds of the soldier who is ordered to kill. In the end, one can ponder over the U. S. Army and the morality of its commanders that allows the comfortable idea to use video games and entertainment as ways to teach killing.The disenchant of the soldiers after combat is that they must kill others, they must see suffering, and they cannot turn it off. The virtual reality used to portray war is false the only grounds of these games are the weapons, uniforms, and environments as replicas of reality. However, this is just superficial whereas pain is real. end point The reality of war is death and suffering. The role of video games has been hijacked to promote war, violence, and flaccid killing skills promoted by the U. S. Armys use of these games and clever ad campaigns to get recruits.Even though there may always be the concentrated guys who are not bothered by killing, it is still disturbing to see that many young men are not bothered by killing based on the fact that they seem unable to mak e the difference between the real world and virtual reality. However, the sensitive types will always exist too. They are the ones who suffer the most since their world of prank created by the video games is destroyed when they realize the reality of war, which is killing and destroying while causing pain and misery to innocent people. Their illusions of patriotic glory and excitement are shattered forever.

Of Mice and Men’ is a novel about people Essay

Of Mice and Men is a new well-nigh pot. Are in that respect overly many lames, misfits and whimsical grammatical cases in the raw to consider Steinbecks enounce picture as true life?Steinbecks brisk is based on ordinary people during the Ameri rear end Depression. Steinbeck has an understanding of how migrant cultivateers were and how it was as he had his childhood in California near Salinas Valley. During the menstruum in which the fabrication was wrote was written migrant workers went from bedspread to ranch functional for m sensationy never existingly having a secure job as new engineering science in machinery do it cheaper to harvest crops.This introduces the two main addresss George and Lennie, migrant workers, who do non fit into 1930s golf-club. The myth based is on portions that symbolize different walks of life during the flow rate illustrating the American culture. Steinbeck portrays the American culture in a condensed version occurring unless on a ranch, showing the ominous truces of the society, when the overbold was writtenIn Steinbecks novel the caseful glass over is a man who has g unrivalled bypast his prime of his life. He has a stumped hand and therefore he is too maimed to be working in the fields, he can be seen as a cripple in the novel. The result of this is that he has menial job as a swamper. To represent the fears of time Steinbeck writes nigh sweeten creation worried ab stunned getting the can as a result of his unimportance on the ranch, and this is shget when Steinbeck wroteI aint ofttimes good with ony hand. I lost my hand right here on this ranch. Thats wherefore they give me a job swampinThis suggests that the job was only given to dulcify place of sympathy. Further more than(prenominal) than glaze over saying I aint much good shows his awareness of his own situation, creation expenditureless to the ranch. sugarcoat represents the decrepit sector that exists in every society, at the time the novel was written work was very scarce and if people were employed they would deport to work hard to say in work. Candy as an aged person is on his last job, because if he loses it no unrivaled else lead take him on. This is his major fear throughout the novel and Steinbeck portrays the aged migrant worker as a pathetic man with only a dog to keep him company. Steinbeck writesCandy looked a long time at Slim to try and find near reversalThe to a higher place asseveration suggests that Candy has no authority with the former(a) workers on the ranch and involve Slim to assist him this shows Candy, as a cripple, has no respect from the some an separate(prenominal) reference points, which is a portrayal of true life during the American Depression. With the dog wash up dog military personnel of the period skill, strength, intelligence, age and skin vividness unnatural authority. Candy has a change of military position afterwards hearing about the dream soon after his dog was shot, Steinbeck choosing to write the dream world heard by Candy at this point in the novel when the character had lost everything that was important, gives the cripple accept for the in store(predicate) as his past (with his dog) is finished. Sadly the dog is a symbol of his possible future, the fate of the aged.In a time of mass unemployment and the fear of loneliness compels Candy to catch himself onto a belief to persevere in the harsh alone(predicate) world and this gives Candy the renewed confidence. Steinbeck shows the change of Candys attitude after he hears about the dream,Candy joined the attack with wallow Glove fulla Vaseline, he said disgustedly.This recite enhances the change in the character of Candy, as before he did not say anything in ordinary conversation between the workers and at this point he was important. The verb attack shows Candys aggression against Curley, who has a higher status than Candy and is more important to the running of the r anch and is the bosses son, not a cripple and stronger. The procedural disgustedly in the quote shows that Candy is sickened by Curley and Curleys attitude to others and Candy himself. This shows Candy is more than a cripple in the story, only when a character who carrys an image of a better future for himself with no worries. The dream of getting a ranch of their own is the fate for some security can be compared as a bounty in a modern view. Once Candy has this security in the dream Steinbeck enhances the character making him b matureer, and his character comes out from the shell of an old cripple.In chapter two Steinbeck introduces the lector to the character of Crooks. The name Crooks is not utilise for him at the start of the novel and it is only later on that he is called Crooks. The names used for him are derogatory labels including stable buck, common racoon and Crooks. Throughout the unit novel the lecturer never finds out the characters real name, which adds to the effectiveness of the character being a misfit. Steinbeck enhances the root word of Crooks being a misfit when he writesThey let the nigger come in. smallish skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, tooThis depicts that the other characters do not see Crooks a real human being scarcely as an object of entertainment. Steinbeck conveys how a pitch blackness man fits into the society of the period through racism. Crooks is a misfit in the novel because of his skin colour and his physical appearance, because of this he is segregated from the other workers on the ranch. This can be shown by They let the nigger come in this implies that the others do not want to be about him and that it is an important up to nowt when he does. The above quote can as well suggest that Crooks wants to be sociable with the others and the word let suggests that the character has tried before. His injury to his back illustrates to the reader that he can be put into a category with Candy, as a cripple. The connection between the two is deeper than them both(prenominal) start out a disability.Steinbeck brings them both together in chapter 4 at the start of the novel when he writes Yeah. Nice fella, too. Candy is shown to have a high regards and respect for him Steinbeck puts them in the same situation in the novel. Candy and Crooks as cripples both need to belong to something as there is always the threat of getting the can or a similar consequence to of Candys dog. unrivalled may think that Steinbeck was trying to portray a bridge crosswise racism in the period with a white man and black man wanting the same dream.As Crooks changes his view in the novel from being a defensive one to felling some hope about the dream too. At first Crooks attitude to little humankind of land in his head is an objectionable because society has actualize him demoralized and spiteful to any sign of others having some dream of happiness sagacious that he can not have any be cause of race. However when he hears about the money he is more open and suggests he wants to be apart of it, this can be shown when Steinbeck wroteIf you guys would want a hand to work for nothing- just his keepThis quotes conveys Crooks hope in the dream and he wants to be apart of it to be secure and treated as an equal. The reader learns a valuable lesson from Crooks and Steinbeck portrays it effectively that society is in the wrong not that the characters. Steinbeck illustrates Crooks as being a proud son of a bitch with his intelligent room but this does not make just a misfit or a cripple but he has humanity with all other blacks. Thats why a lot of time is devoted to him in the novel, his role is equally important to the affectionate statement made by Steinbeck.The end of this key chapter with Crooks in, chapter 4, unhappily ends how it began with Crooks rubbing medicine into his back, this is a almighty message put across to the audience which may evoke the reader to t hink that society bequeath not change unless we change society. Crooks had soon gained some respect from other white males and had hope for the future, but it is when this happens that a women shattered his hopes, this would be terrible to Crooks because women were thought to be lower and weaker than men, so being put down by Curleys wife made him worth nothing, just like during the beginning of this chapter.A character that is, in essence, unusual is Curleys wife. She is unusual because she is the only female character who speaks in this novel. Steinbecks portrayal of women in this novel is not in a good light, given that the men go to a brothel. Women typically stand for as objects of sexual temper not as partners or equals but as. Curleys Wife is unusual in a way that she is the only women on a ranch full of men going around dressed to seduce, this can be shown inShe had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced snappers, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red.Steinbeck suggests that she is trouble by all the red in the description, with red carry up connotations of danger. The red also can connote seduction. Steinbecks character has a habit of looking for her husband which can suggest that she is lonely and is constantly seeking attention from the other men, other reason for bandaging up seductively is to conceal her loneliness, Steinbeck includes her in the novel to portray the American housewife, wanting to be something more than a housewife. This was typical during this period of friendly change with Hollywood and women becoming celebrities, which is exciting compared to a life on the ranch. Steinbeck effectively portrays this inHe says he was gonna put me in the movies. Says I was a natural.This implies to the reader that she wanted something more to her life than to be stuck on a ranch. This however makes her a misfit on the ranch in the novel because of her wanting a different dream to come true, but during that period people were fascinated abo ut celebrities so the character of Curleys Wife can represent the womens struggle during the American Depression. We learn from the novel that society during that period was male orientated and that women were beginning to have their own dreams other than finding a good man to marry.Throughout the alone novel the reader is aware of Lennie being a misfit in the novel. When the reader is first introduced to this character his physical description suggests that he is misfit large piquet eyes can connote the lack of intelligence, giving the sense of easygoing expression, the adjective large agrees with the stature of Lennie, though the adjective pale implies the inanity of him. The other characters in the novel who are misfits, unusual characters or cripples have a physical or emotional problem but Lennie as one of the lead characters is different with an intelligence problem this engages the readers sympathy as Lennie is every childlike. Steinbeck writes about the childlike behavio ur of Lennie inLennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranchThis quote depicts Lennies lack of social skills, like a child, which gets the character into a trouble that wouldnt have really happened in the novel if the character was not a misfit, such as what happened in Weed where he stroked the womens dress not knowing that he was doing something wrong and stop up being outcast and hunted. Steinbecks 1930s society is not tolerant of Lennie and his disability to handle a difficult social problem. partnership when this novel was written is not an understanding one and Steinbeck dramatically portrays this by the fight in the novel.Steinbeck shows the reader during that period people acted too imprudent and unsympathetic, and Steinbeck with this novel wants people to take notice of society and for it to be more tolerant to misfits, cripples and in a sense unusual characters. Steinbeck leaves the ending of Lennie at a moderately neutral point of view this lets one make up ones mind to know that its a tragedy. On one side that it is a tragedy that Steinbecks characters have no realisation of Lennie killing Curleys Wife by accident and that he has no understanding of close and his own strength. On the other side some readers may believe that Lennie should be shot because he killed a human, even with his lack of intelligence it still make him a danger to society. Steinbeck writes his death in the place where Lennie suits best throughout the altogether novel, in natureSuddenly Lennie appeared out of the brush, and he came as silently as a creeping bear moves.This quote implies that Lennie suited the environment that he was in, and the illustration a creeping bear moves is a powerful one. In addition, it conveys the character to be almost part of nature and if he was never meant for society. As a result of this, the reader may think it is less of a tragedy as Lennie dies where he belongs.Steinbeck portrays the purpose of Lennies character of b eing the character that allows people to have a dream. Lennie is the one to console table in and not to put down people, because he has no real understanding of how the world works. Candy and Crooks benefit from having time with Lennie as Candy has someone to talk too furthermore ensuring Candy a no opposition to joining the dream, which may not have occurred if Lennie was not a misfit to society. Crooks has someone to talk to without no prejudice as it because of Lennie being unintelligent, he did not understand the concept of racism. Lastly, Lennie ensured Curleys Wife in the end got someone to talk to in the novel. Steinbecks misfit Lennieshows the flaws in society that needs to be exposed in true life. If there were more people like Lennie on the ranch (society) there would be more empathy towards others and their feelings and there wouldnt be feelings of superiority other one another.George and Lennie have a friendly relationship that is not typical of the period in which th e novel was set. twain men travelling around together and working together was inaudible of, the American Depression saw people distant themselves from each other. With no security, men chose not to trust each other. Steinbeck depicts this effectively throughout the self-coloured novel. This kin is not typical of the era, Steinbeck shows this when he writesGuys like us, that work on the ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They dont belong no place.This illustrates the stereotype of the migrant worker making this unusual relationship out of place in the novel and Steinbeck wanted to show this by the make of their relationship upon the characters. The relationship being not of true life has a sense of inevitable doom to it. Steinbeck depicts the relationship to draw other characters to it so that they can belong even though the friendship creates suspicion inHe hooked his thumbs in his belt and squinted one eye approximately closedThis expresses to the reader the Boss had never seen it before and that thinks it trouble, with squinted one eye the verb creates suspicion. This clearly emphasis the idea, that the relationship sparks the plot with eventually, Lennie killing Curleys Wife. by chance Steinbeck shows this because he is making a social statement on the period where people just can not trust in one another or be emotionally close to each other, with out anything going wrong. George and Lennies relationship shows one how much empathy and understanding one man can have in another. Against everyone being antagonistic to the relationship George stuck by Lennie until he could no more. Steinbecks characters have a friendship that is destroyed by the attitudes in society of the period.In conclusion to this essay, Steinbeck has wrote misfits, unusual characters and cripples in Of Mice and Men to show the faults and prejudices during the 1930s American depression, in which the novel was written. Steinbecks characters portray dif ferent aspects to the life in the period. Crooks represents the life of a black man having to struggle through life being worth nothing because of skin colour, whilst Curleys Wife represents how a women struggles in a male dominant society, the male dominant society being the ranch itself.Candy symbolises the aged in the period, being old is being trivial and unwanted. Though the novel has misfits, unusual characters and cripples they would not have as much affect if they were not contrast to the more stereotypical characters of the period. Curley and Carlson show the reader the bleak and lonely lives migrant workers had. The contrast has a bigger and more meaningful social statement made by Steinbeck. The writer effectively shows this at the end of the novel.Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin them two guys?This enhances the social statement made by Steinbeck, with Slim consoling George but the other more usual characters, Curley and Carlson, not coming together after the whole plot Steinbeck keeps them apart and socially distant, unaware of the situation George is in. the novel is also concluded within the novel where the image of the water snake an the heron. The whole novel is summarised, with the calmness to the heron snatching the water snake. Steinbeck implies this animal image that humans in a society live like animals and how that we have not evolved to be more tolerable of peoples differences the consequence of this is Lennies death. Steinbeck conveys marvellously that this will keep transpiring as the heron returns to the pool to catch another water snake.

Jose Garcia Villa Essay

When you are old and beautiful,And things near difficult are done, on that point will be few who stool recallYour face as it is ravaged at one timeBy jejuneness and its oppressive choice.-At MajorityPunched. The many memorabilia and personal trinkets of one of the most famed authors in Philippine literature surprisingly epitomized the exact contradictory, or some will say the exact sentiment, of the lines of the beautiful verse above. The personal tip of the displays in the 2nd floor gallery brought an intimate ambience to the wholly exhibit, and it brought to light another aspect of a ren suffered writer aside from his professional excellence. Jose Garcia Villa is one of the most eminent Filipino writers of all times, and the Rizal library and the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies collaborated to bring to the Ateneo de Manila University a collection of Villas books and papers from his own personal library. Hung on the walls were frames relating Villas biography. Fro m his childhood with his foreign stints to his success, the story was completely divulged to the visitors. There was to a fault a timeline of the writers personal and professional milestones.Personal letters from EE Cummings, break away Joaquin, and some of his other idols and friends in the literature field were also there. Villa supposedly decided to be a writer after he had enter Cummings works, and Villas personal favorite from Cummings work was exhibited. Sherwood Anderson was also one of his influences. It was also fascinating to read his very initial poem ab break through love. Dated on 1925, his handwriting and writing style was simplistic yet elegant since then. There was also a poem for chicken feedy Mark or Mark Wahlberg, discussing his very attractive physique. Copies of hardbound editions of his poem collections, run publication designs, and several original old print of his works were displayed. There were also special editions of his works such as 55 Poems with his own signature and a handsome-boxed edition which is now a collectors item.It was also said that his first love was drawing, and frames of his own old personal drawings were hung. There were also telecastings of him from his youth to his old age. There was one picture of him with Manuel Arguilla, a friend he hangs out with when in Manila, which especially haunt me. His typewriter was also showcased in the exhibit. I was also impressed to find out that Villa is only the second Filipino to be published by Penguin the first was national hero, Rizal. He was really larger than life. I was particularly taken by one of the poem displayed, At Majority. For me, it immortalizes into words how the Filipinos and his readers will now remember Villa- a beautiful sliver of words and poetry, a phase larger than words, deeper than his writings, and even more beautiful and remembered even in his death.

Mentally and Physically Abusive Relationships Essay

Why People preventative in Mentally/ somaticly Abusive Relationships It has long been wondered by many people, wherefore there be so many who stick around in psychologically/physically inglorious relationships. I prep atomic number 18 designed a study to find break through address the reasons and the average amount of wo manpower by social and educational and by age group. With this study I lead design, I will be using quantitative variables. Quantitative analysis is mathematical (Passer, 2014). In psychological science it typically involves using statistics to aid in summarizing and interpreting data.I will use various scales that will rate or mea real stiffness of the abuse, how long the person has been in been in the relationship, how many children the person has, if these argon all of the partners or spouses children, check educational status and also if they final cause to vary or stay in the relationship, on what level they ar with how they feel about leaving or staying. I will have scales with age ranges and income status. I will also have questionnaires allowing the subject to pick at from multiple choice answers which will as much(prenominal) questions as, the severity of the abuse, whether it is mental or physical abuse or both, and multiple choice questions to accept from as to their reason for not leaving. Example of this I have not left the current relationship that I am in for atomic number 53 of the following reasons. Please circle all that apply1. I am afraid to leave2. I have nowhere to go3. I have children involved and dont want to leave4. I allay love this person and dont want to leave5. I feel that a lot of the abuse if my faultThese ar just some examples of the questions that may be asked. In this study it is real much my desire to give others an idea the average amount of women and men who endure abuse and reasons for leaving or staying.Ethical issues that could arise would ingest with getting too deep into a persons own(prenominal) life and doing some things that could cause for the person to endure more physical and or mental abuse. The main thing would be to manage sure that no one who is helping with this study gets too close in person to a subject, thereby getting involved in the subjects persona life.My goal with this study is to adhere and conform to the five good principles. I will make sure that all involved in this study atomic number 18 concerned with the welfare of each person participate in the study. I will make sure that all who are involved in the study understand their responsibility as captain and only conduct themselves in a professional manner. This also nitty-gritty making sure they dont uphold a blighter who may be demonstrating unethical conduct. I will make sure that each study subject knows at all times what is red ink on and the no one mislead them, concerning the study, in any way. I will make sure that there is no bias in is no bias in this study and that al l study subjects are being treated fairly. It will be my main goal to make sure that all participants are treated with dignity and respect, which also includes their practiced to privacy and confidentiality. No person will leave this study intent that they should not have participated.There are several studies concerning abuse and why people stay, but most of this deal with women in offensive relationships such as Rick Nauert, PhD, who wrote about why women stay in abusive relationships. Researchers discovered that many who live with chronic psychological abuse still see certain positive traits in their abusers such as dependability and being affectionate which may partly explain why they stay (Nuaert, 2010). There are however, studies as to why men stay in abusive relationships also and many of them have their reasons for not leaving. There are many kinds of abuse that a man can experience, including physical, emotional, financial, sexual and weird abuse (Casimong, 2014).In closing, it is my goal in this study to obtain reading from people of all ages, ethnic emphasises, and financial statuses, whether they are male or female. People from all walks of life suffer abuse and although it may turn over more in some areas, it occurs regardless of financial status, educational background or whether a person is male or female and at all ages.ReferencePasser, Michael. Research Methods. Worth Publishers, 05/2014. VitalBook file. Rick Nauert, PhD. Why Women Stay in Abusive Relationships. 13 April 2010. . Rick Nauert, PhD. Why Women Stay in Abusive Relationships. 13 April 2010. .

Purity of Aspirin by Spectrophotometry Essay

The mass of acetylsalicylic harsh was determined using a analytical balance. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added to the acetylsalicylic acerb and heated in order to hydrolyze acetylsalicylic acid. Iron chloride was added to each volumetric flask as the purity of the aspirin can be tested by addition of Fe+3 to a suspension of the product. Phenols such as salicylic acid react with iron chloride to form coloured ( royal) complexes aspirin easily absorbs kilobyte hang and yard is the compliment of violet, which allows a ending of the amount of aspirin present.The percentage purity of aspirin was found to be 90. 62%. Aspirin tablets (about 5-grams) are usually compounded of about 0. 32 g of acetylsalicylic acid, which indicates that aspirin should be about 94% pure. The calculated honour for aspirin content was close to the true value and indicates that aspirin hear tested was very pure. .Introduction Aspirin is a member of a family of chemicals called salicylates. This chemical can be converted (changed) by the body after it is eaten to another(prenominal) chemical, salicylic acid.Salicylic acid may be irritating because it is an acid therefore unmatched of the acidic parts was covered up with an acetyl group, converting it to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ASA not only could reduce fever and relieve pain and swelling, but interrupt for the stomach and worked even better than salicylic acid. Salicylic acid produces a salicylate dianion, when dissolved in water, which reacts with an acidic solution Fe (NO3)3(aq), to produce a strong violet tetraaquosalicylatroiron (III) complex. The violet color of the complex results from the fact that the complex strongly absorbs green nimbleness.When this green is removed from normal white light, we observe violet (therefore, green is the compliment of violet). This absorption of green light can be use to quantitatively determine the amount of aspirin present in the solution. The more(prenominal) green light that is ab sorbed, the more violet the solution, and hence, the more salicylate is present. If green light is directed into a solution that contains this aspirin complex, some of the green light will be absorbed. The intensity of the green light leaving the sample, I, is slight than the original intensity of the green light, I0.We can address about the subdivision of light that was transmitted through the sample, transmittance (T) or we can talk about the amount of light that was absorbed by the sample, absorbance (A). Transmittance is mutually proportional to absorbance the more light that passes through the sample, the higher the transmittance and the discredit the absorbance conversely, the less light that passes through the sample, the lower the transmittance and the higher the absorbance. several(prenominal) standard solutions of the salicylate complex are prepared.The absorbance of each standard solution is careful at the wavelength of maximum absorption of green light (530 nanomet er) using a spectrophotometer. A graph of these absorbance values versus the concentration of each of the standards should yield a straight line. This relationship is make outn as Beers Law A = a b c A is the absorbance of the solution, a, is the molar absorptivity (a constant for this complex), b is the path length of cuvette (in cm), and c is the molar concentration of the solution creation measured. The absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of that solution.Therefore, the molar concentration, c, of a solution can be determined by simply mensuration the absorbance, A, of that solution. Since we are actually measuring the absorbance of the complex, the stoichiometry of the reaction producing the complex is 11. So, if we know the concentration of the complex, we know the concentration of the aspirin. The concentration, the amount of acetylsalicylic acid and purity of aspirin sample will be determined by using Beers Law plot. The concentration and absorbance of sodium salicylate will be found, thus macrocosm able to find the percentage purity of aspirin.

El Nino Fidencio the Mythical Curandero

El Nino Fidencio The Mythical Curandero Throughout the book Curanderismo Mexi potbelly American house better Trorrer and Chavira make mention of el Nino Fidencio in countless beas of the book. It is mentioned that one of the just about important tinctureualist movement is based on the life teaching, and the spirit of a famous young folk healer (now lifeless) from northern Mexico el Nino Fidencio (199735). Even today el Nino is an important double in homophiley a(prenominal) aspects of the belief system and drill associated with the Curanderismo folk better.History plays a major social occasion in finis when it comes to establishing religion and medical practices, which in the case of the Mexican Curanderos some whiles martyrs or perhaps population with supernatural or mythical abilities lay the foundation for the belief system and its practice. Consequently, this allows much(prenominal) hoi polloi (those with supernatural abilities) to turn over holy mans thus bec oming an important part of the Catholic faith, which has break down syncratic with the traditional folk healing system.What is interesting about el Nino and his legacy, is that he non scarcely resolves as an influential figure in the history of Curanderismo only when as well plays a large role in the spiritual practices and the contemporary culture associated with the Mexican folk healing practices. In a modern society where immigration has promoted syncretism and a separation among those who still live in or near Mexico and those who eat up travel to other regions ca exploitation them to lose many of their traditional beliefs and practices el Nino serves as an icon from the folk beau ideal movement that helps draw a culture and the commonwealth back to besother.One of the things the turned Fidencio into a saint and a man of great power was the vision or hallucination that he had of a bearded man with a halo who came to him under a shoetree when he was a young man right after he had been run off by the family with which he had been living with this is what he says he was told in his hallucination. Fidencio, you are called to a very high destiny. I mold in your eyes a marvelous curative power, which allow serve to alleviate the suffering of those with pain.I give you this divine power only for the dandy of humanity, only in order to that you will cure those who are deserving, neer for you to enrich yourself with it, not to benefit those who do not deserve much(prenominal)(prenominal) good things (197391) What ca utilise Fidencio to become so well realised was not only the fact that he had a gift alone the way in which he came to understand develop and use his gift for healing. Many saints receive divine intervention, which leads them on a particular path.When taking on such a role as Fidencio did he made the decision to dedicate the secular world behind to enter into a practice, which is often unclear and perceived based upon the fact tha t it involved dabbling in the supernatural and the lines mingled with good and evil are thin. The curandero is considered different from ordinary people, and this difference produces respect, distrust, and flat fear. Some terms it produces the accusation that the curandero is a brujo, a witch, doing antisocial magic so not everyone feels drawn to this profession (1997 110).However, Fidencio was not perceived in such a way he was known to give, and share with the people. Thus using his gifts as instructed by what many refer to as the heavenly bring forth, for good striving to benefit those around him as he was told to do. It is state that, Fidencio accepted his mission and devoted the remainder of his life to curing. But from time to time intense fatigue would weaken his resolve. On these instances he would squall and say that he has been ordered to cure and had no choice but to do so (197391).In doing so he inspired others and created a legacy that would be remembered and celebr ated grand after his death. The fidencistas (Fidencios followers) have built a number of temples (called centros) in Mexico as well as in the fall in States where Mexican immigration are prevalent. Such temples are important when it comes to the practice of spiritual curanderimo. This is because although many of the foundational aspects if folk healing stem from some of the methods used by Fidencio mediums who melt down in the spiritual realm have specific gifts thus they look to the guidance of Fidencios spirit.This has created a sort of cuneus culture or cult in which those who have the ability to become a medium sometimes choose to spend their lives living and works in such temples. The centros are staffed by trance mediums who, often go into trance, and (in their words) let the spirit of el Nino descend on them, their bodies forming a combine between the material and spiritual realms of existence. Through this linkage, the immortal spirit of el Nino performs cure, does con sultations, even predicts the outcome of future events for members of his cult (1997 35).Followers of Fidencio and other spirits dispose to have much to a greater extent religious beliefs due to the fact that they are wholly focused on doing their work through and through the guidance, egis and self-will by that saint. Although it is interesting to note that people consider the curenderos to be a saints because of the connection that they have with the seen unseen realms associated with the gifts that mediums feature. Not all mediums choose to become part of a cult dedicating themselves and their work to the will of a saint who will ultimately work through them.Others might choose to work alone, some for profit and some solely for personal growth noesis and gratification as is mentioned in chapter six of Curanderismo Mexican American Folk Healing. Yet these Mediums might still attempt to gain guidance and protection from the saints such as Fidencio conversely they do so with th e help of a master curendero or by making a trip to a temple while making no commitment to the cult. Today although it has been more than 72 years since the death of el Nino Fidencios death many people still attribute their successes in both giving and receiving healing to the saint el Nino Fidencio.He serves not only as an important figure to those who practice Curanderismo but also those who receive treatment from the curandos. The saint plays such a large role in the culture in Mexico (even today) that people make trips to his burial place located outside of the small town of Espinazo on the eve of his birthday. According to the Houston Chronicle, the procession and rituals are as capacious a deal for many Mexicans as it is for those who have immigrated and become Mexican Americans. Thousands of Hispanics come to this high desert site in northern Mexico on the eve of the birthday of legendary healer el Nino Fidencio.Through song and ceremony, pomposity and ritual, they have c ome to invoke El Ninos spirit, to prostrate themselves in acts of lowliness and submission, to crawl up the road of penance that leads to his tomb, and to find rebirth through immersion in a muddy pool of water (19958). For many people the pilgrimage represents more than just going to honor the dead saint for the most determined believers, (both those who practice and those who are served) it is a request for answers and solutions to the myriad of problems common to the human condition.Through the spirit of el Nino, they believe that they can find a way to cope with illness, business, marriage, money, the community and ultimately, with life itself. The ceremonies associated with the pilgrimage are so large that they draw the management of newspapers, which publicize the limited evens that take place in honor of the dead saint. In the discipline Catholic Reporter is was noted that, During the week of Oct. 17 and again in March, to honor El Ninos patron St.Joseph, throngs of devo tees carry flowers and copal incense standardised ancient Aztec celebrants. They wend their way through narrow Espinazo streets to El Pirulito (which is the midget pepper tree where he had his Hallucination), where El Nino received his healing powers (Burbank1997 3). In participating in such ceremonies the people are celebrating and honour not only the saint but God as well, thus insuring that they will have a prosperous rest of the year. The celebration is a time for people to not only honor el Nino but also the Virgin of Guadalupe.People dance in headdresses and costume near the tomb and vendors have to opportunity to make money off of the crowds by selling items uniform balloons and medicines. Many of the people who attend the pilgrimage are poor, marginalized, and have minuscule to no access to health care. For many, it is about more than just honoring a saint and being a Catholic these celebrations allow people to gather and seek healing for ailments that they could not ot herwise afford to get treated.The reasons for the celebration go beyond the fact that he was a saint he also represents the freedom that Curanderos have to practice their trade. In 1928 Mexican President Plutarco Elias Calles suppressed the Catholic priesthood, which resulted in a revolt the future(a) year he went to Mexico to arrest el Nino for practicing without a license. However, he and his girlfriend were ill and el Nino healed them both in Espainazo. This attracted much attention and caused him to not only escape a jail sentence but also made him the most famous Mexican curandero according to the home(a) Catholic Reporter.This proved not only that he was a endue healer but also that he was willing to help those who wished to beat him and keep him from his craft. Thus proving to be a symbol of hope, strength, and power for the people of Mexico, and Mexican Americans who come to celebrate him. The Curanderismo folk healing of Mexico has a long legacy and although it has ch anged and become synchronic due to religious influence and western sandwich medicine. Its fundamental roots have survived the spiritual and physical healings that result from the craft are still received by those who live both within as well as outside of Mexico.Saints such as el Nino Fidencio help remind the people of amazing healing powers that curenderos can possess and serves a figure which causes the people of the culture to unite yearly disrespect the fact that some have immigrated or moved to other geographical locations. The tale of the saint El Nino and his legacy not only serves as an influential figure in the history of Curanderismo but also plays a large role in the spiritual practices and the contemporary culture associated with the Mexican folk healing practices.Works Cited Burbank, J. (1997). Catholics, too, venerate el nino fidencio. National Catholic Reporter, 33(14), 3. Macklin, B. J. , Crumrine, N. R. (1973). common chord north mexican folk saint movements. C omparative Studies in clubhouse and History, 15(1), 89-105. Spaulding, G. (1995, January 8). JOURNEY OF THE SPIRIT pilgrims by the thousands are drawn to the town where curandero el nino performed his legendary healings. The Houston Chronicle, pp. 8. Trotter, R. T. I. , Chavira, J. , Antonio. (1997). Curanderismo Mexican american folk healing (Second ed. ). Athens, Georga University of Georgia Press.

Working Poor in America

Working to be Poor in the deposits A single mother of three works two jobs at stripped prosecute tin can survive only if she takes advantage of intellectual nourishment stamps and lives with a roommate to help pays the bills. This is the case with around of the work light in the States. In 2006, a family of four with one token(prenominal)- lease earner had a union income (including food stamps and the Earned Income Tax Credit) of $18,950, some $1,550 infra the need line. the States is one of the richest countries in the world and yet according to the US number Bureau, in 2010 21 one million million million of its population lived in working- piteous families.This translates into nearly 9. 6 pct of all American families living below 100 percent of poverty have at least one family member working. How can this be? Some populate look at that the workers ar to blame they believe that it is the workers lack of pipe dream and drive to better themselves that causes them to be in such dire conditions. While this might be true in actually few cases, I dont believe that it paints the entire characterization as to why in that respect could be a working poor class in America.Despite what golf-club may think, the working poor exists because they ar subjected to lower limit wage, insufficient hours, layoffs, lack of skills, expensive wellness cargon and electric shavercare, and piteous housing. Society throws so many curve balls at low-wage workers that it has become very(prenominal) nearly impossible for them to transcend their situations. One common misconception is that the answer to poverty is to get a job. We assume that if someone is hungry, it is because they are unemployed and are living on the streets. The reality is that over 49 million Americans are tingeed by hunger.Does this mean that they all are job slight and stateless? As the article 25 million depend on hand brake food care reports, well-nigh one-third of the adults between the ages of 18 and 65 needing fatality food- countenance are employed. Thirty-six percent of all families seeking assistance reported that at least one family member was working. As Michelle Conlin and Aaron Bernstein explain, like a shot to a greater extent than 28 million people, about a quarter of the manpower between the ages of 18 and 64, earn less than $9. 04 an hour, which translates into a full-time allowance of $18,800 a yearthe income that marks the national poverty line for a family of four. The Working Poor are Not Getting By in America) The nose count Bureau lists that overall 63% of U. S. families below the federal poverty line have one or more workers. How is it that such a large percentage of the U. S. population can be considered as poor or hungry? Is it that all these people lack ambition or is it society that places the burden of poverty on these workers? The primary and master(prenominal) reason for the rut the working poor find themselves in is the bord erline wage. While profits and productivity soar in straightaways economy, the minimum wage hasnt kept pace with inflation.Opponents of a overdress in the minimum wage often make dire predictions about supposed adverse impacts on employment rates and the economy. But bailiwick after study shows that there is simplyno proof that peak the minimum wage has led to higher unemployment, and there is substantial evidence that a responsible minimum wage extend does not affect employment rates at all. According to the refreshing York Times pillar Board, if the minimum wage had kept pace with the rise in executive salaries since 1990, Americas poorest paid workers would be making more than $23 an hour.In 1956, the federal minimum wage was a dollar an hour that selfsame(prenominal) dollar when adjusted for inflation would be $10. 55 an hour in todays dollars, instead today the actual federal wage is $7. 25 and for leaning workers a dismal $2. 13. This amounts to about $1. 50 an hour l ess, in todays money, than it did in 1968. In Raising the minimum wage go out reduce poverty it states that rase with a $7. 25-an-hour minimum wage, a family of pentad with a full-time, minimum-wage earner that receives food stamps and the refundable tax credits would fall $1,139 below the poverty line in 2009.In the past 30 years, Congress has passed principle to increase the minimum wage exactly 3 times. With politicians and employers fighting furiously to keep this minimum wage down, low-wage workers are forced to work two, sometimes even three jobs in addition to depending on government handouts in order to barely get by. While their income is kept at a minimum, their expenses continue to soar health care, child care, gas prices, housing, the list goes on. The represent of living has been constantly rising for years while the minimum wage lags behind. The number of people who lack health indemnity is about 49. million. In 2010, the percentage of people who had health insur ance through their employers fell to 55. 3% while 31% of Americans relied on the government for health insurance. (Les Christie) However, while most children in families with a full-time minimum-wage worker are eligible for acquit or low-cost health insurance through Medicaid or the State Childrens Health Insurance Program, their parents are not. In fact, according to the Census data, in 25 states a parent in a three- psyche family with a full-time, minimum-wage job earns too a great deal to qualify for Medicaid.As a result, about 41 percent of all parents with incomes below the poverty line were uninsured in 2005. In addition to this, many working poor families face significant childcare costs. According to the subject Association of Child Care choice and Referral Agencies, in the median state in the 2004-2005 academic year, full-time sister care in a licensed child care centralise cost an average of $7,100 per year, while full-time care for preschoolers in a licensed child care center cost an average of $5,800.Without a child care subsidy, a family earning at or near the minimum wage is unlikely to be able to afford such a tuition bill for one child, let alone two or more children. hold cost burdens for poor families are often severe. Expenditures on public housing have fallen since the 1980s, and expansion of public lease subsidies came to a halt in the mid-1990s. Actual rents have to be less than 30% of ones income to be considered affordable. Ehrenreich 201) Housing psychoanalyst Peter Dreier reports that 59% of poor renters, amounting to a total of 4. 4 million households, spend more than 50% of their income on shelter. (38) Nationwide, the average cost of a modest two-bedroom apartment in 2006 was $821 per month, or $9,852 per year, according to the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). At this cost, rent and utilities consume nearly half(a) (48 percent) of the income of a family of four at the poverty line. This calculatio n assumes that the family receives food stamps, the EITC and child tax credit. ) Rising rents are forcing the low-wage workers into motels with fluctuating prices for the winter season and holidaymaker seasons. By relying on the minimum wage, basic necessities such as health care and home-ownership have now become a luxury to the working poor a distant dream that can never be realized. We would assume that there is adequate support for the working poor through government handouts, but even this system is flawed.Throughout the nation soup kitchens and food pantries are stretched beyond capacity, struggling and failing to meet new need, much of it from working people whose wages simply havent kept up. Barbara Ehrenreich in her take for Nickled and Dimed reveals through her own experience as a low-wage employee just how hard-fought it is to receive help from the government and charity organizations and how limited these options are. You would need to impart a significant amount of your time and energy to locate these options and even when you do manage to get in touch with the right person the help received can be useless.As a low-wage worker, where every hour of your time is money spent, devoting this amount of time to looking for government aid is a luxury as well. Therefore, they are prevented from receiving the little assistance available to them. Most of the time, they do not even qualify for welfare because of the low-wage pay job that they have, even though they desperately need the assistance. Therefore, who or what do we blame for the devastating conditions of the working poor in our society?If there was a clear cut answer to this foreland, then maybe this question would never need to be asked. We would just point a fingers breadth and work on getting the problem fixed. Society strips the working poor of their dignity, self-worth, self-respect and pride and leaves them naked to suffer these physically demanding, dead-end jobs where they are paid next to nothing and in the end, still condemned because they are design of as lazy parasites that put a strain on society through their addictions and their insistence on reproducing in unfavorable circumstances.Society is quick to examine these individuals and disapprove of their actions when in reality it is societys fault that these people must depend on such things as welfare in order to minimally survive. According to Furman and Parrot in Raising the minimum wage will reduce poverty, raising the minimum wage would be an important first step and a useful balance to public policies like the EITC, food stamps, and child care subsidies, which provide excess benefits and supports for low-income working families.They believe that a broader agenda is needed, however, to raise the prospects of low-wage workers and their families more significantly. much(prenominal) an agenda would need to include additional income supports, help in obtaining the health care, child care, and housin g that these families need but often cannot afford, and new opportunities to get a line college or upgrade their skills so they can secure higher paying, more stable jobs. Works Cited 25 million depend on emergency food assistance. Policy & Practice June 2006 7.Academic OneFile. Web. 22 June 2012. Bureau of bray Statistics. united States Department of Labor. May 2012. Web. 21 June 2012. Christie, Les. Number of people without health insurance climbs. CNN Money. Cable News Network 2012. Web. 21 June 2012. Conlin, Michelle, and Aaron Bernstein. The Working Poor Are Not Getting By in America. Poverty. Ed. Viqi Wagner. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from Working And Poor. vocation Week (31 May 2004). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 0 June 2012. Dreier, Peter. Why Americas Workers Cant Pay the Rent. Dissent 47 (3). pass 2000. Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Getting By in America. New York total heat Holt and Co, 2001. Print. Furman, Jason, and Sharon Parrot. Raising the Minimum Wage Will Reduce Poverty. Poverty. Ed. Viqi Wagner. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2007. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from A $7. 25 Minimum Wage Would Be a Useful pure tone in Helping Working Families Escape Poverty. www. cbpp. org. 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context.Web. 22 June 2012. Jeff Chapman. Employment and the Minimum Wage Evidence from Recent State Labor Trends, Economic Policy Institute, 2004. And in one of the most compelling studies, David cod and Alan B. Krueger find that the 1992 New Jersey state minimum wage increase had no negative effect on employment in New Jerseys fast-food industry. David Card and Alan Krueger, Minimum Wages and Employment A case study of the fast-food industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, American Economic Review, vol. 4 (4), 772-793, 2004. Pimpare, Stephen. Welfare Reform Has Increased Poverty. Poverty and Homelessness. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2009. real Controvers ies. Rpt. from Why Welfare Reform Has Failed. ZNet. 2004. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 June 2012. RaisetheMinimumWage. com. National Employment Law Project. June 2012. Web. 21 June 21 2012. Rhoda Cohen, J. , Mabli, F. , Potter, Z. , Zhao. Hunger In America 2010. Feeding America. February 2010.